Participation and losses in <scp>multi‐level</scp> marketing: Evidence from a Federal Trade Commission settlement

نویسندگان

چکیده

More than 20 million Americans are affiliated with multi-level marketing firms (MLMs), but there is little empirical evidence on who participates in this controversial part of today's labor market. We link data 350,000 individuals cited an Federal Trade Commission settlement one the largest MLMs to detailed county-level information. find that share refund claimants greater areas higher median income and where women absent from market, suggesting value flexible work. However, check amount, a proxy for losses, correlated inequality lower social capital, pitfalls accrue vulnerable groups.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Financial planning review

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2573-8615']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cfp2.1137